Quick calculation: use our free carpet area calculator to convert super built-up or built-up area to carpet area, check the builder’s loading and compare the price per carpet sq ft. Carpet area What is the carpet area? The portion of the house or apartment that a carpet might be used to cover is the “carpet…
What is a Combined Footing? Combined footing — plan view One concrete pad carries two adjacent columns Col 1 Col 2 Column spacing Used when isolated pads would overlap or bear near a property line Combined footing plan — two columns share one pad when separate isolated footings would interfere or overlap. A combined footing…
Last updated: 12 November 2026 Introduction A pile foundation is a particular kind of deep foundation that is often used to support constructions that are subjected to significant loads. Piles are long, slender columns which are driven into the ground to a depth where they can bear the load of the structure. Pile foundations are…
What is Plastering Plastering — wall section Multiple coats level the surface and protect masonry Masonry / RCC Scratch / base coat Brown / finish Total thickness often 12–20 mm over two or three coats Mix ratios and coat names vary — follow site specification Plaster wall section — base coat keys to masonry; finishing…
Slump test of concrete Slump test — Abram cone Workability is checked by measuring how far fresh concrete subsides Cone lifted vertically Concrete after slump Slump (mm) Standard cone height 300 mm — target slump varies by element and mix design Slump test with Abram cone — fresh concrete is filled in three layers, rodded,…
The terms “centering” and “shuttering” are often referred to as “formwork.” The temporary structure that is used to support both vertical and horizontal surfaces during construction is referred to as “formwork.” This definition is simple enough to understand. It acts as a support structure while the concrete is drying. Fresh concrete is given form by…
Raft foundations Raft (mat) foundation — plan view A continuous slab under the full building footprint spreads column loads Used on weak soil or heavy loads where isolated footings would overlap Raft foundation plan — a monolithic slab ties all columns together and spreads load over a wide area of soil. These are used in…
What is Hydraulic Cement Hydraulic cement — sets in contact with water Unlike non-hydraulic lime, it hardens underwater and in damp cracks Water / damp surface Expanding hydraulic cement paste Crack or joint Used to seal active water leaks — follow manufacturer working time Hydraulic cement expands slightly as it sets and bonds even when…
ready mix concrete, also known as RMC, is a special kind of concrete that is produced in a cement factory, also known as a batching plant, in accordance with a predetermined formula for the mixture’s proportions and is then transported to the construction site in a truck that is equipped with mixers. RMC Concrete Ready-mix…
GFRC GFRC — glass fibre reinforced concrete Alkali-resistant glass fibres replace conventional steel in thin panels Glass fibres in cement matrix Optional face mix / texture layer Panels often 12–25 mm thick — much lighter than precast RCC Used for facades, screens, and decorative cladding — follow manufacturer mix design GFRC section — alkali-resistant glass…